Relative pronouns

> Relative pronouns merupakan kata ganti yang menunjuk pada kata benda yang mendahuluinya (antecedent) yang berfungsi sebagai penghubung dalam kalimat. Kata ganti yang digunakan adalah: who, whom, whose, which, dan that. Relative pronouns biasa diletakkan di awal subordinate clause atau anak kalimat yang menunjukkan relasi terhadap keseluruhan kalimat. Lihatlah contoh-contoh ini menunjukkan Relative Clauses terdefinisi dan tidak terdefinisi: example sentences S=subject, O=object, P=possessive notes defining S - The person who phoned me last night is my teacher. - The person that phoned me last night is my teacher. That is preferable - The car which hit me was yellow. - The cars that hit me were yellow. That is preferable O - The person whom I phoned last night is my teacher. - The people who I phoned last night are my teachers. - The person that I phoned last night is my teacher. - The person I phoned last night is my teacher. Whom is correct but very formal. The relative pronoun is optional. - The car which I drive is old. - The car that I drive is old. - The car I drive is old. That is preferable to which. The relative pronoun is optional. P - The student whose phone just rang should stand up. - Students whose parents are wealthy pay extra. - The police are looking for the car whose driver was masked. - The police are looking for the car of which the driver was masked. Of which is usual for things, butwhose is sometimes possible non-defining S - Mrs Pratt, who is very kind, is my teacher. - The car, which was a taxi, exploded. - The cars, which were taxis, exploded. O - Mrs Pratt, whom I like very much, is my teacher. - Mr and Mrs Pratt, who I like very much, are my teachers. Whom is correct but very formal.Who is normal. - The car, which I was driving at the time, suddenly caught fire. P - My brother, whose phone you just heard, is a doctor. - The car, whose driver jumped out just before the accident, was completely destroyed. - The car, the driver of which jumped out just before the accident, was completely destroyed. Of which is usual for things, butwhose is sometimes possible * Tidak semua sumber tata bahasa menghitung "bahwa" sebagai kata ganti relatif. ** Beberapa orang mengklaim bahwa kita tidak dapat menggunakan "bahwa" bagi orang-orang tetapi harus menggunakan "siapa / siapa", tidak ada alasan yang baik untuk klaim seperti itu.

Comparison of adjectives

> A - Comparison with -er/-est clean - cleaner - (the) cleanest We use -er/-est with the following adjectives: 1) adjectives with one syllable clean cleaner cleanest new newer newest cheap cheaper cheapest 2) adjectives with two syllables and the following endings: 2 - 1) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -y dirty dirtier dirtiest easy easier easiest happy happier happiest pretty prettier prettiest 2 - 2) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -er clever cleverer cleverest 2 - 3) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -le simple simpler simplest 2 - 4) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -ow narrow narrower narrowest Spelling of the adjectives using the endings -er/-est large larger largest leave out the silent -e big bigger biggest Double the consonant after short vowel sad sadder saddest dirty dirtier dirtiest Change -y to -i (consonant before -y) shy shyer shyest Here -y is not changed to -i.(although consonant before -y) B - Comparison with more - most difficult - more difficult - (the) most difficult all adjectives with more than one syllable (except some adjectives with two syllables - see 2 - 1 to 2 - 4) C - Irregular adjectives good better best bad worse worst much more most uncountable nouns many more most countable nouns little less least little smaller smallest D - Special adjectives Some ajdectives have two possible forms of comparison. common commoner / more common commonest / most common likely likelier / more likely likeliest / most likely pleasant pleasanter / more pleasant pleasantest / most pleasant polite politer / more polite politest / most polite simple simpler / more simple simplest / most simple stupid stupider / more stupid stupidest / most stupid subtle subtler / more subtle subtlest sure surer / more sure surest / most sure Difference in meaning with adjectives: far farther farthest distance further furthest distance or time late later latest latter x x last old older oldest people and things elder eldest people (family) near nearer nearest distance x next order

Passive Voice

> Verbs are also said to be either active (The executive committee approved the new policy) or passive (The new policy was approved by the executive committee) in voice. In the active voice, the subject and verb relationship is straightforward: the subject is a be-er or a do-er and the verb moves the sentence along. In the passive voice, the subject of the sentence is neither a do-er or a be-er, but is acted upon by some other agent or by something unnamed (The new policy was approved). Computerized grammar checkers can pick out a passive voice construction from miles away and ask you to revise it to a more active construction. There is nothing inherently wrong with the passive voice, but if you can say the same thing in the active mode, do so (see exceptions below). Your text will have more pizzazz as a result, since passive verb constructions tend to lie about in their pajamas and avoid actual work. We find an overabundance of the passive voice in sentences created by self-protective business interests, magniloquent educators, and bombastic military writers (who must get weary of this accusation), who use the passive voice to avoid responsibility for actions taken. Thus "Cigarette ads were designed to appeal especially to children" places the burden on the ads — as opposed to "We designed the cigarette ads to appeal especially to children," in which "we" accepts responsibility. At a White House press briefing we might hear that "The President was advised that certain members of Congress were being audited" rather than "The Head of the Internal Revenue service advised the President that her agency was auditing certain members of Congress" because the passive construction avoids responsibility for advising and for auditing. One further caution about the passive voice: we should not mix active and passive constructions in the same sentence: "The executive committee approved the new policy, and the calendar for next year's meetings was revised" should be recast as "The executive committee approved the new policy and revised the calendar for next year's meeting." Take the quiz (below) as an exercise in recognizing and changing passive verbs. The passive voice does exist for a reason, however, and its presence is not always to be despised. The passive is particularly useful (even recommended) in two situations: When it is more important to draw our attention to the person or thing acted upon: The unidentified victim was apparently struck during the early morning hours. When the actor in the situation is not important: The aurora borealis can be observed in the early morning hours. The passive voice is especially helpful (and even regarded as mandatory) in scientific or technical writing or lab reports, where the actor is not really important but the process or principle being described is of ultimate importance. Instead of writing "I poured 20 cc of acid into the beaker," we would write "Twenty cc of acid is/was poured into the beaker." The passive voice is also useful when describing, say, a mechanical process in which the details of process are much more important than anyone's taking responsibility for the action: "The first coat of primer paint is applied immediately after the acid rinse." We use the passive voice to good effect in a paragraph in which we wish to shift emphasis from what was the object in a first sentence to what becomes the subject in subsequent sentences. The executive committee approved an entirely new policy for dealing with academic suspension and withdrawal. The policy had been written by a subcommittee on student behavior. If students withdraw from course work before suspension can take effect, the policy states, a mark of "IW" . . . . The paragraph is clearly about this new policy so it is appropriate that policy move from being the object in the first sentence to being the subject of the second sentence. The passive voice allows for this transition.† Passive Verb Formation The passive forms of a verb are created by combining a form of the "to be verb" with the past participle of the main verb. Other helping verbs are also sometimes present: "The measure could have been killed in committee." The passive can be used, also, in various tenses. Let's take a look at the passive forms of "design." Tense Subject Auxiliary Past Participle Singular Plural Present The car/cars is are designed. Present perfect The car/cars has been have been designed. Past The car/cars was were designed. Past perfect The car/cars had been had been designed. Future The car/cars will be will be designed. Future perfect The car/cars will have been will have been designed. Present progressive The car/cars is being are being designed. Past progressive The car/cars was being were being designed. A sentence cast in the passive voice will not always include an agent of the action. For instance if a gorilla crushes a tin can, we could say "The tin can was crushed by the gorilla." But a perfectly good sentence would leave out the gorilla: "The tin can was crushed." Also, when an active sentence with an indirect object is recast in the passive, the indirect object can take on the role of subject in the passive sentence: Active Professor Villa gave Jorge an A. Passive An A was given to Jorge by Professor Villa. Passive Jorge was given an A. Only transitive verbs (those that take objects) can be transformed into passive constructions. Furthermore, active sentences containing certain verbs cannot be transformed into passive structures. To have is the most important of these verbs. We can say "He has a new car," but we cannot say "A new car is had by him." We can say "Josefina lacked finesse," but we cannot say "Finesse was lacked." Here is a brief list of such verbs*: resemble look like equal agree with mean contain hold comprise lack suit fit become Verbals in Passive Structures Verbals or verb forms can also take on features of the passive voice. An infinitive phrase in the passive voice, for instance, can perform various functions within a sentence (just like the active forms of the infinitive). Subject: To be elected by my peers is a great honor. Object: That child really likes to be read to by her mother. Modifier: Grasso was the first woman to be elected governor in her own right. The same is true of passive gerunds. Subject: Being elected by my peers was a great thrill. Object: I really don't like being lectured to by my boss. Object of preposition: I am so tired of being lectured to by my boss. With passive participles, part of the passive construction is often omitted, the result being a simple modifying participial phrase. [Having been] designed for off-road performance, the Pathseeker does not always behave well on paved highways. Sumber : http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/passive.htm Free Template Blogger collection template Hot Deals SEO

The Relative Clause

> Relative Clause disebut juga dengan kata sifat kalimat Relative Clause akan memenuhi tiga persyaratan. > Pertama, akan berisi subjek dan kata kerja/subject dan verb.. > Kedua, ia akan mulai dengan kata ganti relative pronoun [who, whom, whose, that, or which] atau relative adverb [when, where, or why]. > Ketiga, itu akan berfungsi sebagai kata sifat/adjective, menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan What kind? How many? or Which one? Relative Clause akan mengikuti salah satu dari dua pola: relative pronoun or adverb + subject + verb relative pronoun as subject + verb Berikut adalah beberapa contoh: Which Francine did not accept Which = relative pronoun; Francine = subject; did accept = verb [not, an adverb, is not officially part of the verb]. Where George found Amazing Spider-Man #96 in fair condition Where = relative adverb; George = subject; found = verb. That dangled from the one clean bathroom towel That = relative pronoun functioning as subject; dangled = verb. Who continued to play video games until his eyes were blurry with fatigue Who = relative pronoun functioning as subject; played = verb. Hindari membuat sebuah fragmen kalimat/sentence fragment. Sebuah Relative Clause tidak mengekspresikan pemikiran yang lengkap, sehingga tidak dapat berdiri sendiri sebagai kalimat. Untuk menghindari menulis fragmen, Anda harus menghubungkan setiap Relative Clause terhadap klausa utama/Main Clause. Baca contoh di bawah ini. Perhatikan bahwa Relative Clause mengikuti kata yang menggambarkan. To calm his angry girlfriend, Joey offered an apology which Francine did not accept. We tried our luck at the same flea market where George found Amazing Spider-Man #96 in fair condition. Michelle screamed when she saw the spider that dangled from the one clean bathroom towel. Brian said goodnight to his roommate Justin, who continued to play video games until his eyes were blurry with fatigue. Tanda baca Relative Clause yang benar. Penekanan Relative Clause bisa rumit. Untuk setiap kalimat, Anda harus memutuskan apakah klausa relatif penting atau tidak penting dan kemudian menggunakan koma yang sesuai. Klausul penting tidak memerlukan koma. Sebuah Relative Clause ini penting ketika Anda memerlukan informasi yang disediakan. Lihat contoh ini: The children who skateboard in the street are especially noisy in the early evening. Children tidak spesifik. Untuk mengetahui mana yang kita bicarakan, kita harus memiliki informasi dalam Relative Clause. Dengan demikian, Relative Clause sangat penting dan tidak memerlukan koma. Namun, jika kita menghilangkan Children dan pilih kata benda yang lebih spesifik sebagai gantinya, Relative Clause menjadi tidak penting dan tidak memerlukan koma untuk memisahkannya dari bagian kalimat. Baca revisi: Matthew and his sister Loretta, who skateboard in the street, are especially noisy in the early evening. Free Template Blogger collection template Hot Deals SEO

ADVERBS GRAMMAR

Definition

Adverbs are words that modify

a verb (He drove slowly. — How did he drive?)
an adjective (He drove a very fast car. — How fast was his car?)
another adverb (She moved quite slowly down the aisle. — How slowly did she move?)

As we will see, adverbs often tell when, where, why, or under what conditions something happens or happened. Adverbs frequently end in -ly; however, many words and phrases not ending in -ly serve an adverbial function and an -ly ending is not a guarantee that a word is an adverb. The words lovely, lonely, motherly, friendly, neighborly, for instance, are adjectives:

That lovely woman lives in a friendly neighborhood.

If a group of words containing a subject and verb acts as an adverb (modifying the verb of a sentence), it is called an Adverb Clause:

When this class is over, we're going to the movies.

When a group of words not containing a subject and verb acts as an adverb, it is called an adverbial phrase. Prepositional phrases frequently have adverbial functions (telling place and time, modifying the verb):

He went to the movies.
She works on holidays.
They lived in Canada during the war.

And Infinitive phrases can act as adverbs (usually telling why):

She hurried to the mainland to see her brother.
The senator ran to catch the bus.

But there are other kinds of adverbial phrases:

He calls his mother as often as possible.


Click on "Lolly's Place" to read and hear Bob Dorough's "Get Your Adverbs Here" (from Scholastic Rock, 1974).
Schoolhouse Rock® and its characters and other elements are trademarks and service marks of American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. Used with permission.

Adverbs can modify adjectives, but an adjective cannot modify an adverb. Thus we would say that "the students showed a really wonderful attitude" and that "the students showed a wonderfully casual attitude" and that "my professor is really tall, but not "He ran real fast."

Like adjectives, adverbs can have comparative and superlative forms to show degree.

Walk faster if you want to keep up with me.
The student who reads fastest will finish first.

We often use more and most, less and least to show degree with adverbs:

With sneakers on, she could move more quickly among the patients.
The flowers were the most beautifully arranged creations I've ever seen.
She worked less confidently after her accident.
That was the least skillfully done performance I've seen in years.

The as — as construction can be used to create adverbs that express sameness or equality: "He can't run as fast as his sister."

A handful of adverbs have two forms, one that ends in -ly and one that doesn't. In certain cases, the two forms have different meanings:

He arrived late.
Lately, he couldn't seem to be on time for anything.

In most cases, however, the form without the -ly ending should be reserved for casual situations:

She certainly drives slow in that old Buick of hers.
He did wrong by her.
He spoke sharp, quick, and to the point.

Adverbs often function as intensifiers, conveying a greater or lesser emphasis to something. Intensifiers are said to have three different functions: they can emphasize, amplify, or downtone. Here are some examples:

Emphasizers:
I really don't believe him.
He literally wrecked his mother's car.
She simply ignored me.
They're going to be late, for sure.
Amplifiers:
The teacher completely rejected her proposal.
I absolutely refuse to attend any more faculty meetings.
They heartily endorsed the new restaurant.
I so wanted to go with them.
We know this city well.
Downtoners:
I kind of like this college.
Joe sort of felt betrayed by his sister.
His mother mildly disapproved his actions.
We can improve on this to some extent.
The boss almost quit after that.
The school was all but ruined by the storm.

Adverbs (as well as adjectives) in their various degrees can be accompanied by premodifiers:

She runs very fast.
We're going to run out of material all the faster

This issue is addressed in the section on degrees in adjectives.

For this section on intensifiers, we are indebted to A Grammar of Contemporary English by Randolph Quirk, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik. Longman Group: London. 1978. pages 438 to 457. Examples our own.
Using Adverbs in a Numbered List

Within the normal flow of text, it's nearly always a bad idea to number items beyond three or four, at the most. Anything beyond that, you're better off with a vertical list that uses numbers (1, 2, 3, etc.). Also, in such a list, don't use adverbs (with an -ly ending); use instead the uninflected ordinal number (first, second, third, fourth, fifth, etc.). First (not firstly), it's unclear what the adverb is modifying. Second (not secondly), it's unnecessary. Third (not thirdly), after you get beyond "secondly," it starts to sound silly. Adverbs that number in this manner are treated as disjuncts (see below.)
Adverbs We Can Do Without

Review the section on Being Concise for some advice on adverbs that we can eliminate to the benefit of our prose: intensifiers such as very, extremely, and really that don't intensify anything and expletive constructions ("There are several books that address this issue.")
Kinds of Adverbs

Adverbs of Manner
She moved slowly and spoke quietly.

Adverbs of Place
She has lived on the island all her life.
She still lives there now.

Adverbs of Frequency
She takes the boat to the mainland every day.
She often goes by herself.

Adverbs of Time
She tries to get back before dark.
It's starting to get dark now.
She finished her tea first.
She left early.

Adverbs of Purpose
She drives her boat slowly to avoid hitting the rocks.
She shops in several stores to get the best buys.

Positions of Adverbs

One of the hallmarks of adverbs is their ability to move around in a sentence. Adverbs of manner are particularly flexible in this regard.

Solemnly the minister addressed her congregation.
The minister solemnly addressed her congregation.
The minister addressed her congregation solemnly.

The following adverbs of frequency appear in various points in these sentences:

Before the main verb: I never get up before nine o'clock.
Between the auxiliary verb and the main verb: I have rarely written to my brother without a good reason.
Before the verb used to: I always used to see him at his summer home.

Indefinite adverbs of time can appear either before the verb or between the auxiliary and the main verb:

He finally showed up for batting practice.
She has recently retired.

the relative clause

Relative clauses Relatif klausa

Kita dapat menggunakan klausa relatif untuk bergabung dengan dua kalimat bahasa Inggris, atau memberikan informasi lebih lanjut tentang sesuatu.
contoh:
I bought a new car that is very fast.

Defining and Non-defining
Sebuah klausa relatif mendefinisikan kata benda yang memberitahu kita berbicara tentang
Contoh :
I like the woman who lives next door.
(If I don’t say ‘who lives next door’, then we don’t know which woman I mean)


Defining relative clauses
Pertama, mari kita pertimbangkan ketika kata ganti relatif adalah subyek dari klausa relatif terdefinisi.

We can use 'who', 'which' or 'that'. Kita dapat menggunakan 'siapa', 'yang' atau 'itu'. We use 'who' for people and 'which' for things. Kami menggunakan 'yang' untuk 'yang' orang dan hal. We can use 'that' for people or things. Kita dapat menggunakan 'yang' untuk orang atau hal.

The relative clause can come after the subject or the object of the sentence. Klausa relatif dapat datang setelah subjek atau objek kalimat. We can't drop the relative pronoun. Kami tidak bisa drop kata ganti relatif.

For example (clause after the object of the sentence):

* I’m looking for a secretary who / that can use a computer well.
* She has a son who / that is a doctor.
* We bought a house which / that is 200 years old.
* I sent a letter which / that arrived three weeks later.

More examples (clause after the subject of the sentence):

* The people who / that live on the island are very friendly.
* The man who / that phoned is my brother.
* The camera which / that costs £100 is over there.
* The house which / that belongs to Julie is in London.

surat lamaran

Depok, December 22, 2011



Attention To:
Human Resources Department
Yayasan KPT
Jl. Raya Bumi Sentoda No. 5
Cibinong

Dear Sir/Madam,
Having known about a vacancy advertised on Kompas, December 10, 2011, I am interested in the position of Account Executive (AE).
I am a 26 year old male, graduated from a reputable university, having skill in English, both written and oral and also operating computer. I am a hard worker, able to work in individual and in team.
I would gladly welcome an opportunity to have an interview with you at your convenience. I hope my skills can be one of your company's assest. I am looking forward to hearing from you in the near future. Thank you for your consideration and attention.

Sincerely yours,



Asep Catur Putra

Enclosures :
- copy of ID Card
- copy of Final Certificate
- photo
- Curriculum Vitae

Letters of complaint by inserting the correct verb form and appropriate expressions

Letters of complaint by inserting the correct verb form and appropriate expressions

a) I will informing that complaints have been received about dogs dirtving the grounds and ground floor lobby. When I investigated , I discovered that the dogs belong to you. I also finding that they have been frightening the children playing in the estate. In view of this , I am sure you are keep your dogs on a leash when they are out in the grounds. To ensure clean premises, I am grateful if you taken them daily to the public park nearby.

b) When I have to write to you about the noise coming from your flat. Your neighbours has inform me that they have difficulties putting their young childern to bed, and with the examinations coming up, they worried that the older childern will not be able to concentrate.
I have you probably did not realize how sound does travel, particularly when the walls and ceiling are thin. If your children to play in the grounds in the afternoon or suggest to them that confine themselves to less boisterous games in the flat, especially at night.. I have co-operation.

5 tahun kedepan

my name Bayu Brahmatya Gunadarma University student, majoring in Computer Systems and is now stepping 7th semester, when the value is still below average, the density of the class schedule from Monday to Saturday cause I have to get up early. lately I've understood banged on the importance of college for the future, someday we should be successful and useful for the nation, not otherwise become social pariahs. Behind all this parental role is very important for me, he who always support me and pray for this beloved child, parents should our message be sure to always give thanks to Almighty GOD by performing obligatory prayers five times. then start from now we do things in a positive, god willing, the next 5 years I will be successful.

Here are ways how you can do to shrink the stomach

Here are ways how you can do to shrink the stomach: • Eating breakfast is about 200 calories. This can consist of a piece of toast with a little butter, one scrambled egg and half a glass of milk. • Eat healthy snacks, fresh fruits, fibers that exist in fresh fruits will make you satisfied longer. • Lunch is about 400 calories. approximately half the size of average portion of the Indonesian people during lunch. • If after 2 or 3 hours from lunch that you're feeling hungry again so please take your fresh fruit as your snack. • Just 400 calories dinner only. This is usually the most difficult foods to keep 400 calories, especially if you're eating out, soon you're trying to remember how to shrink belly fat. It should if you have tried diets that are taught over since in the morning then you will not easily hungry in the afternoon.If you have difficulty with adjusting the diet would not hurt you milirik nutritional diet program that simplifies the pattern of food, especially for those with limited time.In addition to dietary adjustments, shrink belly fat and also assisted with sports, sports that are doing cardio. Cardio exercise (also called cardiovascular exercise) is very effective in burning calories, because when your body burns calories is automatically fat in the body fat will decrease, one of the favorite places is accumulating fat in the abdomen.do the exercise as a way to shrink your belly fat. When you have set your diet, then you have to do exercise, there's still that need your attention to shrink belly fat. Consider your habits without realizing that contributed to the emergence of belly fat, so consider these habits as a way to shrink the stomach.

example of full block style letter

1385 Laurier Avenue
Ottawa, Ontario K2G 1V


March 20, 20xx


James Moore, Human Resources Manager
Global Market Incorporated
45 Spadina Avenue
Toronto, Ontario M5W 1E5

Dear Mr. Moore:

This is semi-block letter format.

It too begins with the sender’s address, the date, the receiver’s name and address, and then the opening salutation. The difference between full-block and semi block is easy:

* In full-block format, nothing is indented.
* In semi-block format, the sender’s address, date and closing salutation are indented.
* In semi-block format, it is also permissible to indent the paragraphs, but it is not necessary to do so.

If you have questions about this format, please email me.
Sincerely,
Bayu Brahmatya

Menyusun Surat

CAMBRIDGE ELECTRONIC CORPORATION
231 Blackmore street
NewYork , NY 200LL, LA


Ref : DT/NN?12

7 th May 1993

Messrs Johnson Smith & Carlson Ltd
Cambridge Electronic Corporation
16 fifth Avenue Street
Los Angeles , LA

Dear Sirs
We have to remind you that your account for television ordered on 12 february has not yet been paid. Discount cannot be allowed.
You will remember that we went to some troble to meet your delivery date, and we are sure that you would not wish to inconvenience us by delayit your payment.
A copy of the statement is enclosed , and we shall be glad to receive your cheque by return.


Your faithfully

Cambrideg electronic Corporation



Jonathan R Smith

Laporan kegiatan

Nama kegiatan : "1 NUSA 1 BANGSA 1 BAHASA 1 BUMI"
Pembicara : Kardi Suhendra
Waktu dan Tempat : Sabtu 9 April 2011, balai desa

Pada 27 Oktober 2007 Komunitas Pangrango mengadakan acara “1 Nusa 1 Bangsa 1 Bahasa 1 Bumi” dalam rangka Perayaan 79 Tahun Sumpah Pemuda (1928 - 2007). Acara berlangsung di Desa Ranupani, Kecamatan Senduro, Kabupaten Lumajang, Jawa Timur dan dimulai pada jam tujuh pagi sampai petang. Acara ini disponsori oleh PT Excelcomindo Pratama (Tbk).

Segenap proses acara ini melibatkan sekitar 56 orang dari Bali, Jawa Timur dan Jakarta dalam berbagai bidang. Sebanyak 34 orang di antaranya turun ke lapangan pada hari-H sedang selebihnya terlibat dalam tahap persiapan taman bacaan dan pasca-acara.

Kegiatan ini mendapat liputan 2 radio siaran swasta, 1 internasional, dan 1 media cetak. Jaringan Radio Delta FM di 22 kota se-Indonesia mengudarakan wawancara dengan salah seorang panitia acara ini dari Surabaya pada 26 September 2007.

Publikasi pasca-acara berlangsung pada 5 November 2007 di Radio Elfara Malang. Satu media cetak yang mengabarkan acara ini adalah Surabaya Post pada 29 Oktober 2007. Stasiun radio BBC sedang dalam proses pengudaraan wawancara perihal “1 Nusa 1 Bangsa 1 Bahasa 1 Bumi” ini di media mereka.

Berikut ini laporan pelaksanaan dan keuangan kegiatan. Pertama-tama akan dipaparkan serba-singkat pelaksanaan pada hari-H. Bagi mereka yang suka angka digelar laporan keuangan pada bagian kedua. Laporan keuangan sengaja diberikan bukan dalam bentuk tabel dan langsung diberi penjelasan untuk membantu pembaca menempatkan angka realisasi anggaran terhadap rencana anggaran di proposal dan realisasi di lapangan.

Laporan Kegiatan

A. Laporan Pelaksanaan
Ada tiga acara pokok yang telah dilangsungkan dalam “1 Nusa 1 Bangsa 1 Bahasa 1 Bumi”. Dua acara, yakni pendidikan sains alam-bebas dan sarasehan bahasa bersama porter dan pemandu lokal, merupakan sebentuk promosi untuk mengundang minat warga desa berkunjung dan belajar apa saja di taman bacaan desa.

Pertama, acara pendidikan sains dan humaniora luar-ruangan untuk 140 murid SD dan 125 murid TK dengan sekali rehat kacang hijau. Berlangsung mulai jam tujuh pagi sampai sebelas siang, acara ini membuka enam pos eksperimen, yakni

1. Roket Air (fisika/kimia)

2. Gunungapi (kimia/vulkanologi)

3. Telepon Kaleng (fisika/bahasa)

4. Sulap Balon (fisika)

5. Erosi (fisika/lingkungan hidup)

6. Elektromagnet (fisika/geografi)

Acara ditutup dengan kuis sains memperebutkan cindera-mata tas pemberian XL dan Gravel, serta buku baru yang khusus dirogoh dari kocek kas Pangrango. Cindera-mata menjadi milik penjawab sukses dan buku disumbangkan sang pemenang kepada taman bacaan desa yang bakal diresmikan. Acara ini sedari dini membiasakan anak menyumbang kelebihan otak mereka bagi bangsanya.

Untuk murid TK tidak dibuka pos percobaan sains dan humaniora melainkan origami sederhana untuk merangsang koordinasi antara motorik (otot), kognisi (berpikir), dan afeksi (daya cipta).

Acara kedua adalah peresmian taman bacaan oleh Kepala Desa Ranupani dan wakil PT Excelcomindo Pratama (Tbk) Sabtu siang usai acara pendidikan. Taman Bacaan ini diberi nama “RUMBA RANUPANI”. “RUMBA” artinya “rumah baca”. Taman bacaan baru ini, yang berada di depan Kantor Kelurahan Desa Ranupani, adalah milik warga Desa Ranupani dan terbuka untuk dikunjungi semua orang.

Ada satu perusahaan yang menyumbang satu televisi berukuran 29 inch dan DVD Player bagi “RUMBA RANUPANI”. Perkakas elektronik itu akan menjadi sarana belajar multimedia tambahan yang diharapkan mengundang lebih banyak warga desa belajar di taman bacaan.

Satu hal lain yang perlu dilaporkan adalah datangnya sumbangan buku organisasi pencinta alam SMAN IV Probolinggo pada Sabtu sore. Sumbangan ini diterima oleh Koordinator Taman Bacaan “1 Nusa 1 Bangsa 1 Bahasa 1 Bumi”.

Para siswa SMAN IV Probolinggo bertungkus-lumus menggalang buku dan membawanya sendiri dengan motor roda-dua ke Desa Ranupani. Lebih daripada memberi buku, mereka berkomitmen memasukkan “RUMBA RANUPANI” dalam agenda kegiatan sosial tahunan organisasi.

Dengan demikian per 27 Oktober 2007 sudah ada satu komunitas Jawa Timur yang berkomitmen bakal ikut merawat taman bacaan ini. Diharapkan akan datang lebih banyak lagi organisasi di sekitar TNBTS (Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru) yang mau ikut mengisi acara rutin di “RUMBA RANUPANI”.

Acara pokok ketiga berupa Sarasehan Ekowisata. Acara dimulai pada Sabtu jam empat sore dan dihadiri oleh sekitar 40 porter dan pemandu lokal Desa Ranupani. Acara ini mau menekankan pada hadirin bahwa kemahiran bercakap-cakap dalam bahasa Inggris dengan turis mancanegara bakal membuka peluang mereka mendapat pendapatan sedikit lebih.

Untuk mencapai hal itu Komunitas Pangrango membuat buku panduan percakapan sederhana bahasa Inggris yang dianggap kudu dikuasai seorang porter. Apabila mereka ingin lebih mahir berbahasa asing, tim ekowisata mempersilakan para porter dan pemandu datang ke “RUMBA RANUPANI”.

Tiga pokok acara “1 Nusa 1 Bangsa 1 Bahasa 1 Bumi” usai ketika malam tiba di Desa Ranupani. Setelah jalan-jalan semalaman di sekitar Desa Ranupani, hampir semua anggota tim pelaksana hari-H turun dari Desa Ranupani pada Minggu sore 28 Oktober 2007.

Contoh Artikel

Apotek Belum Pasang Harga Obat di Kemasan

KOTA, WARTA KOTA–Meski Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan (Kepmenkes) Nomor 069/Menkes/SK/II/2006 tentang Pencantuman Harga Eceran Tertinggi (HET) Pada Kemasan Obat mulai berlaku 3 Agustus, belum semua apotek melaksanakannya. Tak sedikit apotek yang belum menempelkan label harga pada setiap kemasan obat yang dijual ke masyarakat. Kurangnya sosialisasi dan kendala teknis, yakni tenaga dan waktu, menjadi alasan para pemilik apotek belum menaati kewajiban itu.Faisal, Wakil Administrasi Apotek Beji, Depok, mengaku baru tahu adanya keputusan menteri itu dua pekan silam. Beberapa obat memang sudah diberi label harga seperti obat bebas dan vitamin, tapi obat yang dibeli dengan resep dokter banyak yang belum dilabeli. Kendala teknisnya yaitu tenaga dan waktu untuk memberikan label pada setiap kemasan. Soalnya, jumlahnya mungkin mencapai ribuan jenis. “Baru tahu dua minggu lalu dari Ikatan Sarjana Farmasi. Mudah-mudahan bulan depan label harga obat sudah ditempelkan di setiap kemasan,” kata Faisal saat ditemui Warta Kota, Rabu (9/8).

Hal yang sama juga terjadi di Apotek Pala Farma di Jalan Nusantara, Depok. Baru sebagian kemasan obat yang diberi label harga. Susilo, pegawai Pala Farma, sudah mengetahui aturan itu sejak Maret lalu, namun keterbatasan tenaga menjadi kendala untuk menjalankan kewajiban itu. “Kalau mau ngerjain ini (menempelkan label harga di kemasan obat –Red), lalu yang melayani konsumen siapa,” katanya. Untuk menyampaikan harga obat kepada konsumen, dia memperlihatkan daftar harga obat yang ditaruh di dalam map plastik.

Sementara Apotek “G” di kawasan Jakarta Barat belum mencantumkan label sama sekali di kemasan obat. Bahkan Listya, Asisten Apoteker Apotik “G” mengaku belum mengetahui adanya ketentuan itu. “Belum denger tuh,” katanya singkat.

Konsumen sendiri, agaknya tidak terlalu mempedulikan adanya ketentuan Kepmenkes. “Sudah percaya saja. Karena saya tahu harga di sini lebih murah. Kalau enggak ada, baru cari di apotek lain,” ujar Ny Nayla yang ditemui di Apotek Beji ketika menebus obat alergi untuk anaknya sebesar Rp 175.000.

Santo juga demikian. Dia tidak terlalu pusing soal harga. Kalaupun menanyakan harga ke apotek, ketika mendapat resep dokter, tujuannya hanya untuk mengetahui apakah uang yang dibawa cukup. “Membeli obat kan hanya kalau sakit saja, itupun jarang. Jadi soal harga ya pasrah saja dengan harga yang ditetapkan apotek,” katanya.

Menteri Kesehatan Siti Fadilah Soepari mengeluarkan Kepmenkes Nomor 069/Menkes/SK/II/2006 tanggal 7 Februari lalu tentang Pencantuman Harga Eceran Tertinggi (HET) Pada Kemasan Obat. Namun keputusan itu berlaku efektif mulai 3 Agustus 2006. Kepmenkes itu berujuan untuk menginformasikan harga obat yang lebih transparan ke konsumen. HET dihitung dari harga netto obat di apotek ditambah pajak pertambahan nilai (PPN) 10 persen, plus margin untuk apotek sebesar 25 persen. Menkes mengaku, saat ini pemerintah sulit mengontrol harga obat baik yang dilepas oleh produsen farmasi maupun yang ditetapkan apotek.

Sementara itu, pihak apotek juga mengaku tidak mengambil margin keuntungan yang banyak. Faisal mengakui jarang sekali mengambil margin sampai 25 persen. Paling banyak 20 persen. Begitu juga Listya. “Apotek di sini jarang mengambil margin sampai 25 persen. Persaingan ketat, kalau mahal-mahal pelanggan bisa lari,” katanya.

Pada bagian lain, konsumen sudah cukup pintar menyikapi harga obat. Misalnya dengan membeli obat generik. Padahal, saat ini ada juga obat paten yang lebih murah ketimbang obat generik. Contohnya, jenis simfastatin (untuk kolesterol). Obat generiknya Rp 1.500/tablet sedangkan obat paten Rp 1.000/tablet. (Iis)

Sumber: Warta Kota

contoh resensi novel

Resensi

Laskar Pelangi adalah novel pertama karya Andrea Hirata yang diterbitkan oleh Bentang Pustaka pada tahun 2005. Novel ini bercerita tentang kehidupan 10 anak dari keluarga miskin yang bersekolah (SD dan SMP) di sebuah sekolah Muhammadiyah di pulau Belitong yang penuh dengan keterbatasan. Mereka adalah:
1) Ikal

2) Lintang; Lintang Samudra Basara bin Syahbani Maulana Basara
3) Sahara; N.A. Sahara Aulia Fadillah binti K.A. Muslim Ramdhani Fadillah
4) Mahar; Mahar Ahlan bin Jumadi Ahlan bin Zubair bin Awam
5) A Kiong;Muhammad Jundullah Gufron Nur Zaman
6) Syahdan; Syahdan Noor Aziz bin Syahari Noor Aziz
7) Kucai; Mukharam Kucai Khairani
8)Borek alias Samson
9) Trapani; Trapani Ihsan Jamari bin Zainuddin Ilham Jamari
10) Harun; Harun Ardhli Ramadhan bin Syamsul Hazana Ramadhan

Mereka bersekolah dan belajar pada kelas yang sama dari kelas 1 SD sampai kelas 3 SMP, dan menyebut diri mereka sebagai Laskar Pelangi. Pada bagian-bagian akhir cerita, anggota Laskar Pelangi bertambah satu anak perempuan yang bernama Flo, seorang murid pindahan. Keterbatasan yang ada bukan membuat mereka putus asa, tetapi malah membuat mereka terpacu untuk dapat melakukan sesuatu yang lebih baik.

Laskar Pelangi merupakan buku pertama dari Tetralogi Laskar Pelangi. Buku berikutnya adalah Sang Pemimpi, Edensor dan Maryamah Karpov. Naskah Laskar Pelangi telah diadaptasi menjadi sebuah film berjudul sama dengan bukunya.Film Laskar Pelangi akan diproduksi oleh Miles Films dan Mizan Production, dan digarap oleh sutradara Riri Riza.
Laskar Pelangi adalah karya pertama dari Andrea Hirata. Buku ini segera menjadi Best Seller yang kini
kita ketahui sebagai buku sastra Indonesia terlaris sepanjang sejarah.
Sinopsis

Cerita terjadi di desa Gantung, Kabupaten Gantung, Belitung Timur. Dimulai ketika sekolah Muhammadiyah terancam akan dibubarkan oleh Depdikbud Sumsel jikalau tidak mencapai siswa baru sejumlah 10 anak. Ketika itu baru 9 anak yang menghadiri upacara pembukaan, akan tetapi tepat ketika Pak Harfan, sang kepala sekolah, hendak berpidato menutup sekolah, Harun dan ibunya datang untuk mendaftarkan diri di sekolah kecil itu.

Mulai darisanalah dimulai cerita mereka. Mulai dari penempatan tempat duduk, pertemuan mereka dengan Pak Harfan, perkenalan mereka yang luar biasa di mana A Kiong yang malah cengar-cengir ketika ditanyakan namanya oleh guru mereka, Bu Mus. Kejadian bodoh yang dilakukan oleh Borek, pemilihan ketua kelas yang diprotes keras oleh Kucai, kejadian ditemukannya bakat luar biasa Mahar, pengalaman cinta pertama Ikal, sampai pertaruhan nyawa Lintang yang mengayuh sepeda 80 km pulang pergi dari rumahnya ke sekolah

contoh pidato

Assalamulaikum Wr. Wb.
Salam sejahtera...

Bapak-bapak, ibu-ibu dan suadara-saudara, bagi kita kesehatan sangatlah penting, tidak ada gunanya harta berlimpah jika tubuh tidak sehat.

Dengus. Tersedu-sedu. Bersin. Terkena pilek atau flu (influenza) tidak akan menyenangkan atau sehat untuk tubuh. Kita terasa sakit dan harus tidak menghadiri sekolah, tempat kerja dan hal-hal lain yang penting. Kabar buruk adalah bahwa tidak ada perawatan untuk menyembuhkan pilek atau flu. Kabar baik adalah bahwa ada banyak hal yang dapat kita lakukan untuk mencegah dari jatuh sakit. Ikutilah petuah sederhana berikut untuk tetap sehat sepanjang tahun.

- Tutup mulut sewaktu batuk. Tutup mulut dan hidung Anda sewaktu Anda bersin atau batuk. Gunakan tisu, kemudian buang tisu tersebut, atau bersin pada lengan Anda.

- Cuci tangan Anda.
Mencuci tangan merupakan cara nomor satu untuk mencegah dari menularkan penyakit. Cuci dengan sabun dan air atau gunakan pembersih tangan dengan alkohol. Ingat, mencuci tangan
menyelamatkan nyawa!

- Tinggal di rumah ketika Anda sedang sakit. Jika Anda jatuh sakit, jangan ditularkan kepada orang lain. Hindari dari berada dekat dengan orang lain. Jika bisa,

- tinggal di rumah dan jangan ke sekolah dan tempat kerja, atau melakukan tugas ketika Anda sedang sakit. Juga, jika Anda merawat diri Anda, Anda akan sembuh dengan lebih cepat.

- Dapatkan imunisasi flu Anda. Cara terbaik untuk mencegah flu adalah mendapatkan
imunisasi flu setiap tahun. Bulan Oktober atau November merupakan waktu terbaik untuk mendapatkan suntikan flu, tetapi Anda masih dapat menerima suntikan pada bulan
Desember atau kemudiannya.

Kutipan

Kutipan terbagi 2 yaitu kutipan langsung dan kutipan tidak langsung
berikut penjelasannnya

Kutipan tidak langsung
Kutipan lansung adalah kutipan yang sama dengan teks aslinya, tidak boleh ada perubahan sedikitpun. Apabila terjadi perubahan maka kutipan tersebut di bilang salah
kutipan langsung ada 2 golongan
1. Kutipan langsung panjang
2. kutipan langsung pendek

Kutipn langsung panjang
1.lebih dari 3 baris, tetapi tidak melebihi ½-1 halaman
2.Bila >1 halaman masukkan dalam lampiran
3.tidak ditulis di antara tanda petik
4tidak dijalin dalam teks
5.ada tempat tersendiri dalam alinea baru
6.diketik dengan jarak baris satu spasi
7.pada garis tepi baru dengan jarak 4 ketukan dengan indensisasi 7 ketukan dari garis tepi atau 3 ketukan dari garis tepi baru
8.harus memakai superskrip footnote
9.pada footnote harus disebutkan sumber kutipan

Kuipan Langsung Pendek

a.tidak melibihi 3 baris ketukan
b.dijalin dalam teks
c.diberi tanda kutip atau tanda petik di antara bahan yang dikutip
d.bila terpaksa > 3 baris, sebaiknya digunakan paraphrase

2.Kutipan tidak langsung
kutipan tidak langsung hanya mengambil intisari pendapat yang kita kutip.Kutipan tidak langsung ditulis menyatu dengan teks yang kita buat dan tidak usah diapit tanda petik. Penyebutan sumber dapat dengan sistem catatan kaki, dapat juga dengan sistem catatan langsung

Kutipan yang kurang sama dengan 4 baris dapat ditulis sebagai berikut :

· Disatukan dengan teks
· Ditulis dalam tanda kutip ( “…….” )
· Jarak antar kutipan 2 spasi
· Pada akhir kutipan dituliskan databuku yang diletakkan dalam kurung atau dengan menuliskan nomor rujukan catatan kaki.

Kutipan Langsung yan lebih dari 4 baris,tata caranya sebagai berikut :
· Tidak disatukan dengan teks,tetapi dipisah dengan jarak 2,5 spasi
· Ditulis dengan spasi rapat ( satu spasi )
· Ditulis dengan menjorok ke kanan 5 karakter,danjika alinea baru berarti menjorok ke kanan 10 karakter
· Pada akhir kutipan diberi nomor penunjuk ( untuk diberi penjelasan pada catatan kaki tau diberi catatan langsung

Daftar Pustaka

Cara menulis daftar pustaka :
1.Penulisan daftar pustaka dalam pengambilan data dari buku, pertama; penulisan nama untuk awal menggunakan huruf besar terlebih dahulu setelah nama belakang ditulis beri (tanda koma), dimulai dari nama belakang lalu beri (tanda koma) dan dilanjutkan dengan nama depan, kedua; tahun pembuatan atau penerbitan buku, ketiga; judul bukunya ingat ditulis dengan mengunakan huruf miring setelah judul gunakan (tanda titik), keempat; tempat diterbitkannya setelah tempat penerbitan gunakan (tanda titik dua), dan kelima; penerbit buku tersebut diakhiri dengan (tanda titik).

2. Penulisan daftar pustaka yang lebih dari satu/dua orang penulis dalam buku yang sama. Pertama tulis nama belakang dari penulis yang pertama setelah nama belakang beri (tanda koma) lalu tulis nama depan jika nama depan berupa singkatan tulis saja singkatan itu setelah nama pertama selesai beri (tanda titik) lalu beri (tanda koma) untuk nama kedua ingat dimulai dari nama belakang. Setelah penulisan nama kedua selesai dengan cara penulisan sama seperti nama pertama, nah jika tiga penulis gunakan tanda dan (&) pada nama terakhir begitu pula jika penulisnya hanya dua orang saja, setelah penulisan nama selesai, Kedua; tahun pembuatan atau cetakan buku tersebut dengan diawali [tanda kurung buka dan kurung tutup/ ( )] setelah itu beri (tanda titik). Ketiga; judul buku atau karangan setelah itu beri (tanda koma) dan ditulis dengan huruf miring. keempat; yaitu penulisan tempat penerbitan/cetakan setelah itu beri (tanda titik dua : ) dan terakhir kelima; nama perusahaan penerbit buku atau tulisan tersebut dan diakhiri (tanda titik)
Perlu diingat untuk penulisan daftar pustaka yang banyak harus berurutan penulisannya. Nama dari sumber yang diambil sebagai daftar putaka ditulis berdasarkan urutan Abjad dari nama masing-masing tersebut, dimulai dengan Abjad A-Z itulah urutan penulisan daftar pustaka yang baik yaitu sesuai dengan urutan nama-namanya.

3. Penulisan daftar pustaka dalam pengambilan data dari internet, pertama; tulis nama, kedua; tulis (tahun buku atau tulisan dibuat dalam tanda kurung) setelah itu beri (tanda titik), ketiga; tulis judul buku/tulisannya lalu beri (tanda titik) lagi, keempat; tulis alamat websitenya gunakan kata (from) untuk awal judul web dll setelah itu beri tanda koma, kelima; tulis tanggal pengambilan data tersebut

Unsur Unsur Daftar Pustaka
Nama penulis (ditulis secara komplit)
Judul buku, (termasuk anak judulnya)
Data publikasi (meliputi nama penerbit, tahun terbit, dan di mana terbitnya buku, sertakan cetakan ke berapa).
Untuk artikel (perlu ditulis juga nama pengarangnya, judul artikel, dan tahun terbit)

CONTOH DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Susanto, atmanegara ( 2005). cara cepat menginstal windows Server 2003. Bandung: Media komunikasi Indonesia.

Suteja, B.R., Sarapung, J.A, & Handaya, W.B.T. (2008). Memasuki Dunia E-Learning, Bandung: Penerbit Informatika
Asano N et al. 2001. Polyhydroxylated alkaloids isolated from mulberry trees (Morusalba L) and silkworms (Bombyx mori L.) J Agric Food Chem 49:4208-4213.
Bahruddin T, Asmawati. 2005. Effect of green tea to improve periodontal tissue’s
status on diabetes mellitus patients. J Med Nus 26:226-229

Bnouham M, Ziyyat A, Mekhfi H, Tahri A, Legssyer A. 2006. Medicinal Plant with Potential Antidiabetic activity – A review of Ten years of Herbal Medicine Research (1990-2000) Int J Diabetes & Metabolism 14:1-25.

[BPOM] Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia. 2005. Peraturan Kepala Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia nomor hk 00.05.52.0685. BPOM. Jakarta

kalimat efektif

Kalimat efektif adalah kalimat yang mampu dipakai untuk menyampaikan informasi dari pembicara atau penulis kepada lawan bicara atau pembaca secara tepat. Ketepatan dalam penyampaian informasi akan membuahkan hasil, yaitu adanya kepahaman lawan bicara atau pembaca terhadap isi kalimat atau tuturan yang disampaikan.

Syarat-syarat dari kalimat efektif antara lain:
A.Koherensi
B.Kesatuan
C.Kehematan
D.Kepararellan
E.Penekanan

alinea

alinea adalah suatu bentuk bahasa yang biasanya merupakan hasil penggabungan beberapa kalimat. Dalam upaya menghimpun beberapa kalimat menjadi paragraph, yang perlu diperhatikan adalah kesatuan dan kepaduan.

Baca selengkapnya Pengertian Paragraf atau Alinea

Syarat Paragraf
Paragraf yang efektif harus memenuhi dua syarat ,yaitu adanya kesatuan dan kepaduan.

1) Kesatuan paragraf
Sebuah paragraf dikatakan mempunyai kesatuan jika seluruh kalimat dalam paragraf hanya membicarakan satu ide pokok ,satu topik / masalah. Jika dalam sebuah paragraf terdapat kalimat yang menyimpang dari masalah yang sedang di bicarakan, berarti dalam paragraf itu terdapat lebih dari satu ide atau masalah.

2) Kepaduan paragraf
Seperti halnya kalimat efektif , dalam paragraph ini juga dikenal istilah kepaduan atau koherensi. Kepaduan paragraf akan terwujud jika aliran kalimat berjalan mulus dan lancer serta logis. Untuk itu, cara repetisi, jasa kata ganti dan kata sambung, serta frasa penghubung dapat dimanfaatkan.

http://ellopedia.blogspot.com/2010/09/paragraf.html